The 178th Artillery Regiment was established on August 26, 1939, in Military District V. After its formation, the regiment was subordinated to the 78th Infantry Division. On January 26, 1940, the regiment's 2nd and 10th batteries were transferred to form the 297th Artillery Regiment of the 297th Infantry Division, and were later replaced. On November 24, 1940, the regiment's headquarters, along with the 2nd and 5th batteries, were transferred to form the 305th Artillery Regiment of the 305th Infantry Division, and were later replaced. On May 28, 1942, the regiment's 6th battery managed to shoot down an airplane near Nikolaevka. On February 1, 1943, the Army's 5th Grenade Launcher Battalion, the 189th Assault Gun Battalion, and the 293rd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion were tactically subordinated to the motorized regiment headquarters. The 1st through 3rd battalions were simultaneously subordinated to the 215th (I), 14th (II), and 195th (III) Assault Regiments. On April 11, 1943, the three light battalions were reintegrated into the regiment. The regiment was destroyed near Orsha in June 1944. The 178th Artillery Regiment was established on July 21, 1944, at the Münsingen Training Area in Military District V. The new regiment was created by renaming the 1543rd Artillery Regiment, which was still being formed. After its establishment, the regiment was again subordinated to the 78th Assault Division.